摘要：本文利用未经审计业绩快报作为上市公司的期望盈余度量客户对审计师的压力，研究其对审计质量的影响。基于2005—2018年A股公司的业绩快报数据，发现上市公司压力越大，财务报表越有可能出现日后重述。在考虑了披露公司自选择、尽快披露动机、变量度量可靠性和遗漏变量等问题后，上述发现仍保持稳健。在进一步研究中发现，审计师往下调整盈余会面临更大压力；客户压力越大时，审计师更换的可能性越大；审计师的专业特长和审计监管有助于抵制上市公司压力，提升审计质量。本文的研究表明上市公司压力可能是审计师无法有效履职的根源，提升审计师对抗上市公司压力的意愿和能力可能是提升财务报告质量、发现遏制财务舞弊的有效方法，是注册制下压实审计责任的着力点。

Abstract: This paper explores whether listed companies have exerted pressure on auditors by examine the impact of unaudited earnings deviation on audit failure and audit turnover. Based on the data of oreliminary earnings estimate of A-share companies from 2005 to 2018, using deviation of preliminary earnings estimate from annual report as client pressure and CSRC penalties for auditor and client restatements as proxy for audit failures, we find that the greater pressure exerted by client firm, the more likely it will lead to audit failure, the greater the possibility of auditors being replaced abnormally in the following year. We also find that auditors' resistance to client pressure can significantly reduce We also found that auditors' resistance to pressure from listed companies can significantly reduce audit failure, but also significantly increase the possibility of auditors being replaced abnormally. These results remain robust after considering self-selection of preliminary earnings estimate, performance disclosure in advance, changes in regulations of preliminary earnings estimate, and variable measurement. Our findings indicate that the pressure of listed firms may be the cause of auditors' inability to perform their duties effectively, and promoting the willingness and ability of auditors to resist the pressure of client firms may be an effective way to improve the quality of financial reports and curb financial fraud.