摘要：提高出口技术复杂度对增强国有企业国际竞争力、推动外贸结构优化升级具有重要意义。本文将治理水平、投资效率与创新能力纳入包含产品技术含量的企业贸易模型，从理论层面论证了混合所有制改革与国有企业出口技术复杂度的关系。同时，基于2003—2016年中国上市公司和海关匹配数据，实证检验了混合所有制改革对国有企业出口技术复杂度的影响、作用机制及异质性。研究发现：混合所有制改革能够通过提高治理水平、投资效率和创新能力进而提升国有企业出口技术复杂度。在非加工贸易、政策稳定时期、地区市场化水平较高以及商业类国有企业样本中，混合所有制改革对出口技术复杂度的促进作用更明显。本文拓展了混合所有制改革经济效应评估的研究视角，为分类分策推进混合所有制改革，提升国有企业国际竞争力提供了理论参考。

Abstract: Enhancing export technological complexity is of crucial importance both for strengthening the international competitiveness of state-owned enterprises(SOEs) and for promoting the optimization and upgrading of the structure of foreign trade. In this paper, we embed governance quality, investment efficiency, and innovation capacity into a firm-level trade model that incorporates product technology content, and we theoretically demonstrate the relationship between mixed-ownership reform and the export technological complexity of SOEs. Furthermore, using matched data on Chinese listed firms and customs records over the period 2003-2016, we empirically examine the impact, transmission mechanisms, and heterogeneity of mixed-ownership reform on SOEs' export technological complexity. Our findings show that mixed-ownership reform raises export technological complexity by improving governance quality, boosting investment efficiency, and enhancing innovation capacity. Moreover, the impact of mixed-ownership reform on the export technological complexity is more pronounced in non-processing trade, periods of policy stability, regions with higher marketization levels, and samples of commercial state-owned enterprises. This study thereby extends the evaluative framework for the economic effects of mixed-ownership reform and offers theoretical guidance for differentiated policy design aimed at advancing mixed-ownership reform and elevating the international competitiveness of SOEs.