摘要：构建一流营商环境是"十四五"规划纲要中提升政府经济治理能力的重要路径。党的二十大报告也强调营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。优化营商环境，激发市场主体活力是我国面临的重大需求。完善营商环境评价体系，是发挥“以评促改”作用、推动营商环境持续优化的关键。然而，现有营商环境评价指标体系存在公开内容较少、透明性有待提高、评价成本较高等局限。本研究以“十三五”规划纲要提出的“市场、政务、法治、人文"四种环境为一级指标，结合《优化营商环境条例》，基于张三保等（2020）所构建的指标体系及政策界反馈，重新构建出包含16个二级指标、29项三级指标的中国省份营商环境指标体系。运用最新可获取的2017——2020年相关指标数据，量化评价了中国内地31个省份的营商环境、子环境均衡度、子环境及其4年间的变化情况。在此基础上，横向比较了七大地理区域和九大国家战略或倡议所涉及区域之间的营商环境差异。评价结果为我国各省份持续优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境明确了对标对象，也为联结宏观与微观领域的研究提供了数据支持。

Abstract: Building a first-class business environment is an important way to improve the government's economic governance capacity in the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Improving the evaluation system of business environment is the key to play the role of "promoting reform through evaluation” and promote the continuous optimization of business environment. The existing evaluation system of business environment has the limitations of less disclosure and transparency and higher cost. As such, we take the four kinds of environment as the first-level indicators including "market, government, legal, and humanities" which proposed in the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan, integrate the Regulations on Improving Business Environment, the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and base on Zhang et al. (2020)'s work and the feedback from public policy agencies to reconstruct the second-level indicators and their weights, and thus construct the evaluation system of business environment for 31 provinces in Mainland China which comprise 16 second-level indicators and 29 third-level indicators. Using the updated available data from 2017 to 2020, we further quantitatively evaluate the score of business environment, sub-environment balance degree, each sub-environment, and their variances in the four years. On above basis, we make horizontal comparison of the differences in business environment among the regionsby seven geographies and nine national strategies or initiatives respectively. The evaluation results are expected to provide reference for provinces in China to optimize the market-oriented, law-based and internationalized business environment, and provide data support for academic research on bridging the macro and micro domain.